Defined in 2005 as discussed w R. Joshi

I claim that all current models of atomic orbitals are wrong and grossly misleading by indicating that a “diffuse” cloud-shaped electron can tunnel from one “lobe” through the atomic nucleus (with its massive protons and neutrons) and end up on the opposing side.

The force required to tunnel through a nucleus is huge so a tiny electron can not tunnel from one side to the other. If you supposed that it actually does or could tunnel then most electron (orbitals) have a corresponding orbital electron which would have to either simultaneously transfer in the other direction, or be excited to a different orbital / state.

By having holes in the center of all atomic orbitals the electron does not need to tunnel through a massive nucleus. Please review the shapes shown below. I claim that all atomic (electron) orbitals actually have a large hole in their centers, and that the orbital path is chiral forming the chiral KNOT shapes shown below. Knots are a form of Topological structures that have been ignored in atomic physics and QED.

These KNOT shapes allow us to rethink the simple s, p, d and f orbitals. In chiral knot forms, the p, d, and f orbitals now have simpler interactions with the nucleus and the other electrons. Much needs to be rethought and tested.

These KNOT orbitals are quite elastic in a manner that we now define as “HYBRID” orbitals. We may not need to consider HYBRIDS.

The super-elastic nature of these KNOT orbitals explains how electrons absorb all ranges of EM albeit for a short time period after which the EM wave (photon) is re-emitted. This structure helps us to understand the infinite number of EM photos being “simultaneously” absorbed and release (emitted) with time periods ranging from 10(-25) sec to seconds. Again EM is being simultaneous absorbed and emitted from each orbital-nucleus interaction.

I suggest that it is all EM absorption or interaction is due to a Dipole Pair Interaction that involves both the Nucleus (as the positive +) and the Electron (as the negative -).

Just now I suggest that the electron “particle” as it orbits the nucleus at near light speed must involve the “orbital” path constituting the angular momentum as now known.